ìPARA àPAR@ ` TEXT ` Rand, Ayn1905╨1982writer, lecturer and editorBorn on February 2, 1905, in St. Petersburg, Russia, Ayn Rand graduated from the University of Petrograd in 1924 and two years later emigrated to the United States. Determined from an early age to be a writer, she worked assiduously at perfecting her craft while supporting herself with a variety of jobs. In 1932 she sold her first motion picture scenario under the title Red Pawn. In September 1935 her first play, The Night of January 16th, opened at the Ambassador Theatre, New York, for a substantial run. It was revived in 1973 under the title Penthouse Legend. Her first novel, We, the Living, was published in 1936. Three more novels followed: Anthem, 1938, The Fountain-head, 1943, which became a best-seller and was later made into a motion picture, and Atlas Shrugged, also a best-seller, 1957. In February 1940 a second play, The Unconquered, had a short run on Broadway. The political philosophy that shaped Rand╒s fictional work╤a deeply conservative philosophy that posited individual effort and ability as the sole source of all genuine achievement, that thereby elevated the pursuit of self-interest to the role of first principle, and that scorned such notions as altruism and sacrifice for the common good as liberal delusions and even vices╤found more direct expression in For the New Intellectual, 1961, The Virtue of Selfishness, 1965, Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, 1966, Introduction to Objectivist Epistemology, 1967, The Romantic Manifests: A Philosophy of Literature, 1970, The New Left: The Anti-industrial Revolution, 1971, and Philosophy: Who Needs It?, 1982. She also promoted her philosophy of Objectivism as editor of The Objectivist Newsletter from 1962 to 1971 and of The Ayn Rand Letter from 1971 to 1976, and she was a frequent lecturer. Her controversial views attracted a faithful audience of admirers and followers. She was working on an adaptation of Atlas Shrugged for a television miniseries when she died on March 6, 1982, in New York City. Vstyl ` * ! ¬
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